Rejestracja doliny rzeki Widawy z wykorzystaniem lotniczego skanowania laserowego

W ramach projektu badawczego wykonano skaning laserowy doliny rzeki Widawy, w okolicy Wrocławia. Wykorzystano w tym celu prototypowy skaner ScaLARS (CW scanner), skonstruowany w Instytucie Nawigacji Uniwersytetu Stuttgarcie, a do rejestracji sygnału GPS i INS wykorzystano system Applanix POS/AV 510. Skaning wykonano dla 20 kilometrowego ujściowego odcinka rzeki Widawy w pasie o szerokości 2 km. Zarejestrowano około 150 milionów punktów ze średnią rozdzielczością około 3 pkt/m2 i dokładnością wysokościową na poziomie 0.2 m. Skaning laserowy doliny Widawy wykonany został dla pozyskania danych dla potrzeb modelowania hydrodynamicznego. W pracy podano podstawowe informacje dotyczące systemu ScaLARS, oraz doświadczenia związane z realizacją projektu. Omówiono produkty pochodne skaningu oraz ich przydatność w procesie modelowania hydrodynamicznego.

Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) is a modern technology, which within last years has revolutionized the process of collecting data on terrain topography, especially in afforested terrains and wooded areas. The laser scanning system integrates three measuring techniques: GPS, INS and laser scanning. The airborne laser scanning of the Widawa river valley near Wrocław was performed in the research project. A prototype scanner - ScaLARS, constructed at Institute of Navigation, University of Stuttgart, was used. The Applanix POS/AV 510 system (Position and Orientation System for Airborne Vehicles) was used for GPS and INS signals registration. The ScaLARS, as opposed to commercial systems, uses the Continuous Wave (CW scanner). The project involved scanning 20 kilometres of the Widawa river estuary with a width range of about 2 km. The calibration of system was executed in support of control areas measured by GPS techniques. The mean error of calibration in reference to control areas carried out 0.3 m along the flight direction and across the flight direction, as well as 0.1 m in the vertical direction About 150 million points were registered with an average resolution of about 3pts / m2. The vertical accuracy of laser scanning was estimated at the level of 0.2 m based upon a large-scale map (1:500) using infrastructure elements. The laser scanning of the Widawa river valley was executed in order to collect data for hydrodynamic modelling. Traditionally, the laser scanning data is used for generation of Digital Terrain Models (DTM) and Digital Surface Models (DSM). The spatial distribution of laser points on forest terrain is also useful information for hydrodynamic modelling. The ScaLARS system also records the intensity of the reflection of the laser ray as well as the quality parameters of the registered returned signal. Moreover, this information can be helpful in classifying land cover that is necessary in hydrodynamic modelling. In this paper, the basic data on the ScaLARS system and the research carried out while implementing the project were presented. Additional products of laser scanning, as well as their usefulness in hydrodynamic modelling were also shown.