Chemical changes in seeds and fruits of natural growing rosehip (Rosa sp.) from Yozgat (Turkey)

Yozgat province is located on the Bozok Plateau in the middle Kızılırmak section of Turkey’s Central Anatolian region. In a research carried out in 2015–2016, a total of 142 genotypes of fruit samples having superior characteristics in rosehips grown naturally were taken from Yozgat province and districts. As a result of the modified weighed results, 49 types were found in the first year as promising. In the second year of selection, the morphological and pomological characteristics of selected genotypes of the first year were examined. In this study, phenolic compounds and organic acids, macro and microelement, and fatty acid analysis were carried out in 5 genotypes which are prominent among these genotypes. When phenolic compounds of rosehip genotypes were investigated, gallic acid varied from 3.52–22.35 mg·kg⁻¹. Citric acid was observed to be the main organic acid in rosehips and it was found to be the highest (6.21 mg·g⁻¹) in the 66 SRK 12, while it was detected lowest in the 66 BGZ 11 (2.05 mg·g⁻¹). Mineral compositions of rosehip genotypes, e.g. P, K, Ca and Mg, were: 182.56–1768.97 mg·kg⁻¹, 1.06–10 450.16 mg·kg⁻¹, 27.40–17 616.59 mg·kg⁻¹, 8.55–3134.67 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively. Seven major fatty acids were determined in rosehip genotypes and palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid were 3.42–5.28%, 30.32–50.22%, 3.07–6.60%, 21.58–48.31%, respectively.