The paper introduces Robotic Process Automation (RPA), which is an emerging and
cutting-edge conception of business processes automation, based on the notion of
software robots or artificial intelligence workers. The paper is conceptual as it discusses
the fundamentals behind this idea, synthesises the knowledge of technology, and
presents it in a new context. It is based on the author’s considerations and the literature
review, which contributes to the insight into the basic understanding of RPA technology
as well as systematises and clarifies RPA definitions, identifies market trends,
formulates a set of predictions for further development of this technology, and
highlights directions for future inquiry. Additionally, logical arguments are proposed
for considering RPA as a technology that enables and advances digital transformation.
Moreover, criteria are indicated for business processes suitable for RPA. Nowadays, the
robotisation of business processes as innovative technology is more often practically
implemented than it is investigated by research. Published papers outline real examples
of implemented cases of RPA technology in organisations that mainly represent service
industries. These case studies allow identifying possible advantages and risks derived
from RPA implementation. Recent studies also report benefits of the RPA application in
terms of productivity, costs, service quality, and error reduction. Some authors propose
the criteria for selecting processes suitable for automation and robotisation. This
paper constitutes a foundation for new research aimed at filling knowledge gaps in this
area. Responding to the call by van der Aalst, academic discourse on RPA must be
initiated.
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