Zabytkowe fortyfikacje w krajobrazie miejskim Portugalii (wybrane przykłady)

This article reviews the preservation and reconstruction of historic fortifications in the Portuguese cities of Lisbon, Porto, Funchal and Cascais. These cities, which have a range of cultural heritage resources, undertook projects to preserve and partially adapt the remains of modern fortifications. In Lisbon, the city is conducting restoration work at Forte de Sao Brune and Sao Juliao da Barra, as well as at the fortifications that defended the city along the Tagus river. In the Matosinhos district in Porto, conservation work has been carried out on the site of the Nossa Senhora das Neves fort, also known as the Castello de Matosinhos, which was built in the 17th century to defend the coast from pirates. In Funchal, which is the capital of Madeira and also called little Lisbon, the bastions of the Palacio de Sao Laurento and the fortalice de São Tiago also deserve attention for the recent conservation and restoration work done there. The restoration of the fort de Nossa Senhora da Luz in Cascais is an unusually well-planned design which took historic elements and introduced modern architectural detailing. The examples presented demonstrate how historic fortifications and ruins can be converted into new cultural elements of the city landscape through restorative projects that endow the sites with opportunities to develop tourism.