Diversified role and applications of marine actinomycetes in the field of biology

Actinomycetes are the most profitable and biotechnologically valued prokaryotes representing the genera consisting of Streptomyces, Arthrobacter, Actinomyces, Cornyebacterium, Micrococcus, Micromonospora and other diverse species of microorganisms. Actinomycetes represent a group of one of the most powerful secondary metabolite producers which possess a wide range of biological activities. Streptomyces, an important genus under actinomycetes, alone serves as the huge producer of a number of biologically active molecules. This genus possesses a huge potential of synthesizing various different and novel active metabolites. Due to the gradual reduction of the chances of isolation of novel compounds within Streptomyces coming from terrestrial environs resulting in the increase of resistant pathogenic microorganisms, marine actinomycetesmay form a platform for novel drug synthesis, which in-turn may form an extraordinary tool for combating a wide range of resistant microbes. The role of marine actinomycetes extends to diverse fields such as antibiotic production, production of antibacterial and antifungal compounds, synthesis of enzymes and enzyme inhibitors, synthesis of anticancer drugs and various other lifesaving molecules. Marine actinomycetes also play an important role in biofouling and nanoparticle synthesis. Thus speakingsuccinctly, marine actinomycetes are biologically very important as they serve their useful purpose in various fields of biology.