Three dimensional optical CDMA framework with direct detection technique

In this paper, a three-dimensional (3-D) wavelength/time/space code is developed for optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) networks with direct detection technique in the receiver side. The 3-D codes are developed by mixing two-dimensional modified quadratic congruence (MQC) code and one-dimensional prime hop code (PHC) code. The encoders and decoders are constructed using fiber Bragg gratings and delay lines to minimize the bit error rate (BER). The performance analysis of the 3-D OCDMA system is based on measurement of signal to noise ratio (SNR), BER, received power and eye diagram for different numbers of simultaneous users. Also, in the analysis, various types of noises and multiple access interference (MAI) effects are considered. The received optical power is also measured at various levels of BER to analyze the effect of attenuation.