Approach manoeuvre during emergency ship-to-ship transfer operation with oil spill

One of the major activities during Ship to Ship (STS) transfer operation at sea is to safe approach the Ship to be Lightered (SBL) which moves on a constant heading with slow speed or drifting. In the paper described the manoeuvring problem for approaching during emergency STS transfer operation with oil spill. The approach manoeuvre is considered as a sequence of navigation manoeuvres in specific navigational environment with environmental and operational constraints as well as ship dynamic performance. Additional constraints results from STS transfer operation guide and navigation practise.