Determination of size and shape features of hazelnuts using multivariate analysis

Nut and kernel size, shape and some sensorial traits in ten hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars were evaluated using an objective procedure based on multivariate analysis in order to obtain an important value of these cultivars for growers, processing and consumers. Cultivars were compared with nuts and kernels of C. avellana L. and C. colurna L. Significant differences in all physical properties were found among the cultivars, and also among cultivars and hazelnut species. A high correlation was found among some hazelnut traits. Cluster and principal component analysis supported results obtained by analysis of variance, and segregated genotypes in similar groups according to their characteristics evaluated. Procedure described may be useful in analyzing impacts of genotype per se on nut and kernel physical and sensorial properties, and also determine the factors for growers, breeders, especially for harvesting, sorting and other postharvest operations in order to establish optimal machine and equipment design.