Parameters of the Signal: Their Non-Locality vs. Averaging Character

A parameter of the signal segment is regarded as a measurand here. In a set of parameters the support of which consists of more than one element, a subset of averaging parameters is defined as those being reflexive, symmetric, bisymmetric, increasing monotonic, cancellable and continuous. These attributes, previously defined for discrete operations (B. Ellis, J. Pfanzagl), are in Section 3 reformulated for functional operations projecting signal segments into real numbers. Their meanings are explained and examples are given. Then, in Section 4, it is analysed to what degree these theoretical attributes are achieved in three kinds of circuits: in a low pass RC filter, in an integrator, and in a sample-and–hold circuit (S/H). The coefficient (12) was proposed for the evaluation of the circuit’s ability to provide a symmetric parameter. This attribute, although possessed by the integrator almost perfectly, is not achievable in the filter and S/H circuit. Thus the quasi-instant parameters provided by the S/H cannot be considered as averaged. The period of an effective influence of the input signal on the output voltage, and the delay introduced by the S/H circuit, are defined.