Przyszłość demokracji deliberatywnej

THERE IS A DELIBERATIVE turn in a democratic theory in the final decade of the second millennium. The article presents in a critical way the main theories of this approach. The core idea of the deliberative democracy is to justify public decisions, to give reason for the decisions made by citizens and their representatives. The theories of the deliberative democracy emerge from liberal democracy, try to change it a little bit or confront with it and propose a very new model of democracy. Joshua Cohen`s and David Miller`s theories change from aggregative to deliberative liberal democracy. Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson share the main ideas of the deliberative liberal democracy even though they rely on the theory of Habermas. Iris Marion Young gives rather an eclectic exposition of democracy which sources are liberalism, Marxism, socialism and postmodernism. John Dryzek builds his theory in similar way. His model of democracy is also eclectic and takes ideas from critical theory, postmodernism, radical democracy and ideology of ecologism. The theory of Jurgen Habermas is specific in the light of previous theories. Habermas, like others, takes ideas from very different sources but his theory is not eclectic. His theory is coherent and gives reason how “influence” which is generated in informal public opinion, is transformed into “communicative power” through the channels of political elections and is again transformed into “administrative power” through legislation.