The antioxidant capability and phenolic contents of ethanol extracts (free phenolics)
and ethyl acetate extracts (bound phenolics) of three Quercus species were estimated in this work.
The antioxidant activities were examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis
(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) free radical, reducing power and
β-carotene bleaching methods. HPLC was employed to detect major phenolic acids. The leaf extract
of Q. salicina contained maximum total phenolics while the highest total flavonoid content was
found in the leaf extract of Q. serrata. The antioxidant activities varied among three species. Bark
extract of Q. salicina was the most potential and it was closed to levels of the standard antioxidative
dibutyl hydroxytoluene (BHT). The bark extract of Q. serrata also showed promising antioxidant
activities despite their eminence was negligibly lower than Q. salicina. Stronger antioxidant
activities of free phenolics than those of the bound phenolics may be attributed to higher quantities
of free phenolics in the barks of Quercus species, however total flavonoids may not contribute a
critical role. By HPLC analysis, thirteen phenolic acids were detected in the leaf and bark extracts.
Of them, Q. salicina showed maximum in number (ten compounds) and quantities of detected
phenolic acids. Ellagic, chlorogenic and benzoic acids were dominant in Quercus species. Findings
of this study revealed that leaves and barks of three Quercus species are rich source of antioxidants,
and Q. salicina is the most promising and should be elaborated to exploit its pharmaceutical
properties.
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