Główne zadania hodowli lasu w terenach górskich i zasady ich realizacji

The specific of widely understood natural conditions of the montane forests and the functions they serve indicate the need of promoting more complex, non−schematic and improved forest management methods than in the lowlands. Depending on the species composition the renewal of forests of the lower mountain zone requires application of regular shelterwood systems – often in a modified form (beech and spruce stands), irregular shelterwood−group system, Swiss irregular shelterwood system, and where possible, selection system (in fir stands). In the spruce stands of the high mountain zone the mountain selection system is recommended. Conversion of pure spruce stands and nurse crops should be a long−term process using the silvicultural procedure based on some of the above−mentioned regeneration methods. Tending of the advance regeneration and thickets depend on stand stability and production aim (spruce), site conditions and site quality (beech), variability of structure and origin of regeneration (fir) should be closely connected with regeneration methods. In the maturing stands the following thinning methods should be applied: in spruce stands – Wiedemann, Abetz, as well as Burschel and Huss thinnings; in fir stands – crown and selection thinnings; in beech stands – selection and group thinnings. The group method of planting (rot system) ensures the most successful forest regeneration at high altitudes in the mountains.