One of the most serious problems of waste management in Czech Republic
is the useful treatment of biodegradable municipal waste because EU Council Directive
1999/31/EC requires of member states to limit the amount of biodegradable
waste deposited into landfill. Composting of biodegradable municipal waste can be
a solution of this problem but there are many operational and economic problems.
This article describes advantages and problems of bio-waste composting in
rural conditions (of Czech Republic) at all parts of composting process, i.e. from
bio-waste sorting and collection through bio-waste composting to utilization and
sale of compost.
Bio-waste composting in countryside brings many benefits. The waste is
treated at the place of origin and it is possible to get the organic mass of compost
back to the field with minimal transport distances. Decentralized waste treatment
brings jobs to regions of a small rate of employment.
It is necessary to solve many problems related to the process of composting.
Quality of input raw material is the first of them. It was found that the amount
of undesirable impurities in separately collected biodegradable municipal waste
depends on the type of building density and the settlement size. By the measurement
of 200 kg samples of sorted bio-waste it was showed that purity of waste
sorting is much better in small villages than in rather big cities.
Right size of composting plant is another question to discussion. A lot of
small composting plants built for several villages allow waste treatment in the
place of origin but just a big composting plant is rich enough to have adequate machine
equipment. Of course, in this case transport distances are long.
Compost selling is connected with other problems. Farmers usually do not
want even high-quality compost because of the costs of compost application to the
field (although missing of organic mass in the soil). Lots of low-quality compost is
used as a reclaim material.
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