Variation in size-dependent fitness components in a terrestrial orchid, Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb.) Hunt et Summerh., in relation to environmental factors
Variation in size-dependent fitness components in a terrestrial orchid, Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb.) Hunt et Summerh., in relation to environmental factors
We investigated the flowering probability and flower production in relation to plant size in a terrestrial orchid,
Dactylorhiza majalis at 10 meadow sites in central and southwestern Poland. These sites differed in altitude (low,
high) and management (presence or absence of mowing). At all sites, concentrations of nutrients in the soil were
also measured. The probability of flowering increased significantly with the size of the plant in all populations,
indicating that individuals do not flower until they reach a threshold size. Populations at high altitudes and the
unmown sites had significantly lower threshold sizes for reproduction and showed sharp increase in flowering
probability with plant size, compared to other populations. The threshold sizes for reproduction tended to
decrease at sites rich in N and Mg and poor in P and S. Flower production was also size-dependent in all populations.
Considerable between-site differences were found in the slope and the intercept of the regression between
plant size and flower production. Flower production at some sites, at high altitudes, increased more steeply with
plant size than at other sites. However, no pattern in size-dependent flower production was found relative to the
measured environmental variables. Most of the size-dependent components of flowering probability were related
to each other but not with the size-dependent flower production.
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