Poglądy wybranych intelektualistów afrykańskich na temat wpływu mocarstw kolonialnych na rozwój państwa w Afryce kolonialnej

This article provides a description of a Nigerian political thinker Claude Ake's and Sierra Leonian philosopher George M. Carew's views concerning the impact of colonial powers on the political and, to a lesser extent, economic - development of a postcolonial African state. According to their opinions, colonial powers are especially responsible for introducing in their African colonies during the period of decolonization such democratic institutions and solutions that were inadequate for multiethnic societies. This did not contributed to the building of democratic, peaceful, and politically and economically stable states in Africa.Ake's and Carew's views are enriched with the opinions of the economic and political Black thinker Arthur W. Lewis from Saint Lucia, who was a Nobel prize laureate in 1979 and earlier an advisor to some of the newly established West African states' governments. Lewis's outlooks seem useful in the analysis of the whole issue. Both Ake and Carew, and Lewis suggested their own proposals of changing the concept of majoritarian democracy for the purpose of a multiethnic African state. In the final part of this article the political solutions long existing in plural societies of Switzerland, Cyprus, and Lebanon are shortly presented. Though not implemented in political systems of multiethnic societies of Africa in the period of democratization they could have been useful then.