Rare epixylic moss Buxbaumia viridis, which is one of the “Annex II” species of the European “Habitat directive”, has been
recorded at 124 localities in the Czech Republic in course of the last 13 years. Most of them were discovered in the last five
years following a dedicated search at both historical sites of occurrence and new localities with putatively suitable habitat
conditions. The recent and historical area of occupancy and extent of occurrence are not obviously different, although most
of the recent localities are concentrated in the Western Carpathians and the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. Surprisingly, only 38% of
the localities are located in natural forest habitats, of which herb-rich and acidophilous beech forests were among the most
commonly inhabited ones. The rest of occurrences were recorded in non-natural forests (habitats strongly influenced or
created by man), particularly the coniferous forest plantations. Sufficient amount of decaying wood of the advanced decay
stages, as well as sufficient and constant humidity are crucial prerequisites for the occurrence of B. viridis in both types of
forests. True epixylic moss Herzogiella seligeri and the liverwort Chiloscyphus profundus were recorded as the most common
associated species, while the rest of commonly co-occurring species were facultatively epixylic, ground or ubiquitous
bryophytes; other specialized and rare epixylic mosses or liverworts were only rarely recorded. We also designed a potential
distribution model for B. viridis based on the distribution of habitats most commonly occupied by the studied moss. Despite
the simplicity of the model, its close match with the recent distribution in the Western Carpathians, the Hrubý Jeseník Mts.
and Šumava Mts. supports its relevance for the real distribution of B. viridis.
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