Zagospodarowanie przestrzenne wzgórza Św. Mikołaja w Jarosławiu w latach 1782-1914

Abbey of Benedictine in Jarosław was founded on the St. Nicholas Hill in 1611 by the owner of this town Princess Anna Ostrogska. Early Baroque foundation surrounded by brick walls with eight towers include: the church of the monastery, residence chaplains, guest house and a number of outbuildings. Benedictines remained on the hill until 1782. After the dissolution of the Order they left the monastery. The church and monastery were quickly adapted to the needs of the Military Uniform Committee, and then the military barracks called Anna-Kaserne. New users Abbey exerted an enormous influence on the change of the existing functions of the existing buildings, and as it turns out planning assumptions almost 5 acres. The base for the examination of the topic were plans situational St. Nicholas Hill and inventories from the years 1883-1904 archives preserved in the collections of the Regional Office for the Protection of Monuments, based in Przemyśl. In the light of archival materials, it appears that the military has placed the monastery and the church turned into a warehouse and composition of hay. To the south and west of the monastery there were built six new stables for the horses, and along the walls, the shelters used for military equipment. The former guest house has been designed for kitchen and laundry facilities, while remaining in the immediate vicinity of the residence of the chaplains has been designed to forge. In the north wall there was extended bakery building, while in the eastern part of the old abbey there were marked space on the horse riding school, Garden Area for officers and a vegetable garden. It was appointed a new network of paths that facilitate communication between the barrack objects. The main axis ran from the tower to the east gate. The second one was directed to the south, toward the bridge connecting St. Nicholas Mount of the John Hill, where the main headquarters was located and Kloster-Kaserne. In order to improve communication the Austrians erected a metal bridge between these hills, which replaced the old wooden bridge. History of Saint Hill of Nicholas shows that changed its owners and users, and not only Benedictine nuns managed Abbey. In the years 1782-1918, it remained in the hands of the Austrians. Although it served of the military, not Jarosław Benedictines, it seems that, in a sense, the rule of St. Benedict was still continued on the hill. It provided, inter alia, self-sufficient religious congregation with a firm pressure to the inside of the walls there were all that is required monks. After the dissolution of the monastery, Anna-Kaserne included almost everything what the soldiers needed: apartments, kitchens, laundry rooms, toilets, vegetable garden and recreation area, watch tower, stables for horses, riding arenas and warehouses for military equipment and ammunition. Thus, the assumption is, in terms of defensive walls with towers, was almost selfsufficient, ”small fortress”. Nevertheless, during the reign of the Austrians on the hill, but interesting for the history of the city and garrison Jarosław, it isn’t the glorious history of this special place. Changes and damage done during the use of the old abbey by the Austrian conqueror, and then at the time of World War I, they are already irreversible loss of tangible and intangible heritage of the Benedictine Congregation and for Jarosław. Translated by Jarosław Kiwior