Problemy organizacji i lokalizacji skansenów na terenie województwa warszawskiego THE PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZING AND LOCATING THE SKANSEN-TYPE MUSEUMS IN THE TERRITORY OF WARSAW VOIVODSHIP
Discussing th e p ro b lem s re la tin g to o rg an iz a tio n and
lo c a tio n of sk a n s e n -ty p e mu seum s in th e te r r ito ry of
W a rs aw Voivodship th e a u th o r tu rn s much of his
a tte n tio n to th e q u e stio n s co nnected w ith th e te rm s
“m o n um e n t”, “re s e rv a tio n ”, “sk a n s e n ”, “o p e n -a ir m u se
um ” th e rem in d in g an d discussing of whom may
p ro v e h e lp fu l in e x p la in in g an d d e fin in g th e d ire c tio n
in w h ich th e se a rch an d a ttem p ts should follow. All
th e a fo re -m e n tio n e d te rm s m ay be considered as p ro p
e r a n d w e ll-re a so n ed u n d e r d e fin ite conditions p ro vid
ed , how ev e r, th a t th e “th em a tic lin e ” w ill be s tr ic tly
m a rk ed . In p ro b lem s re la tin g to sk a n s e n -ty p e
m u s eum s should p rim a rily be ta k e n into a c co u n t th e
cla s sific a tio n of collections of ob je c ts belonging to th e
c o u n try fo lk c u ltu ra l tr a d itio n , b a sed on e th n o g rap h ic
stu d ie s whose re su lts in tu rn should p ro v id e a basis
fo r d e te rm in in g th e ir o rg an iz a tio n a l forms.
While selecting th e a n c ie n t bu ild in g s th e r e should
p re f e ra b ly be selected not th e ex c ep tio n a l buildings
or o b je c ts b u t r a th e r th o se ty p ic a l in v iew of sc ie n tific
re s e a rc h c a rrie d o u t in a giv en are a .
S e v e ra l sk a n s e n -ty p e museums w e re organized to r e p
re s e n t a given region th ro u g h a collection of in d iv id
u a l ty p e s of bu ild in g s s itu a te d acco rd in g to ex h ib itio n
re q u irem e n ts . Thus, in acco rd an c e to u su a lly ad o p ted
p ra c tic e , th e a re a is divided into th e re sp e c tiv e th em a tic
se c to rs, th e access d esigned as a d a p te d to th e v ie wing,
an d th e b u ild in g s loc a ted in su itab ly exposed
site s w ith an organized visib ility .
T h e a u th o r of th e p re s e n t considers w h e th e r th is
sch em e m ay be fu lly accepted as one reaso n ed and
w h e th e r “th e scientific su rv ey of an a r e a ” does not
oblige to look a fte r o th e r solutions, a t th e same time
q u o tin g n um e ro u s and d iffe rin g views on th e subject.
When org an iz in g th e sk a n s e n -ty p e mu seums su ffic ien t
c a re sh o u ld be devoted to p ro d u c in g th e “c lim a te ” of
a re g io n which is to be ex h ib ite d and th is in tu r n is being connected w ith th e need to re co n s tru c t th e
c h a ra c te r of sp a tia l lay o u t of an c ie n t b u ild in g g ro u p ings
le ad in g to re co n s tru c tio n of th e o rig in a l villag e
stru c tu re . I t should be b o rn e in min d th a t a s “an
a rc h ite c tu ra l m o n um e n t” is to be considered n o t only
an o b je c t alone b u t also its situ a tio n , i.e. sitin g w ith in
a fa rm an d only th e connection w ith th e lay o u t of
o th e r fa rm s could be tr e a te d as a re co n s tru c tio n of
“s e ttlem e n t sch em e ”.
According to th e a u th o r ’s view w h en organizing th e
sk a n s e n -ty p e mu seums in c lu d in g th e sp a tia l systems of
a region e ffo rts should be m ad e to tr a n s fe r e n tire a rc h ite
c tu ra l g ro u p in g s a lth o u g h it may be ta k e n fo r g r a n ted
th a t it will n o t be possible to m e e t th is r e q u ire m
en t in a ll cases.
To illu s tra te th e m e th o d en ab lin g to d e te rm in e th e
lo catio n of sk a n s e n -ty p e mu seums in th e te r r ito ry of
W a rsaw Voivodship w e re p re s e n ted th e re su lts of a
s tu d y p re p a re d by th e In s titu te of Basic A rc h ite c tu ra l
Development, Te ch n ic a l U n iv e rsity , W a rsaw w h e re
a selectio n was made of m a te ria ls g a th e red in th e
g iven a re a from th e v iew p o in t of th e ir ap p lic ab ility
w ith in th e sk a n s en -ty p e museums. The location of
th e selected ob je c ts of an c ie n t wood buildings by
itse lf m a rk s th e lines fo r th e fu tu re p ro c ed u re s in
seeking th e sites fo r location of sk an sen museums.
I t should also be rem em b e red th a t mu seums of th a t
k in d should not be situ a te d f a r from u su a l to u rin g
ro u te s as th ey form a co n sid e rab le a ttra c tio n fo r both
local an d fo re ig n to u rists.
On th e basis of su rv ey s c a rrie d out a to u ris t m ap has
been p re p a re d illu s tra tin g th e to u rin g volumes and
p o te n tia litie s of re c re a tio n regions w ith in th e te r r ito
ry of W a rsaw Voivodship in a period 1985— 2000
to g e th e r w ith p ro p o sa ls concerning th e fu tu re d ev e lo
pm en t of to u rin g roads.
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