Zastosowanie cienkowarstwowej analizy chromatograficznej do identyfikacji spoiw malarskich APPLICATION OF THE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF BINDERS USED IN PAINTINGS
In the above article reported are the results of
investigations carried out in research laboratory of
the state-owned Ateliers for Conservation of Cultural
Property, Warsaw wiiith the purpose to adapt the thin-
Layer partition chromatography to identification of
binders used in paintings. These investigations,
preliminary as to their character, were confined to
problems connected chiefly with protein and to some
extent also with polysaccharide binders. No investigations
have been conducted of plant gums, gum resins
or oil-based binders. All these problems will be
included to the other part of the present work.
As the analyses using partition chromatography are
conducted more and more often, to make the phrenomena
occurring during the process more easily understandable,
dealt with briefly within the article are
also the theoretical backgrounds of partition chromatography
and discussed the results obtained until
recently from investigations carried out in several
conservation laboratories.
The methods adopted in investigations dealt with
were based on those typical for thin-layer chromatography
with the use of the manufacturer’s set
“CAMAG” for coating the glass plates with a carrier
layer of Swiss make, then with the use of ex-works
glass plates coated with silica gel (Kieselgel 60 F25/,)
layer 0.25 mm thick and “Cellulose F” layer 0.1 mm
thick. The above plates manufactured by MERCK Co.
(West Germany) and having standard size of 20X20 cm
can be readily cut to measure, according to the size
of chromatographic chamber.
The samples were subjected to acid hydrolysis at
105°C with simultaneous changes of both sulphuric
acid concentration and duration of hydrolysis. The
hydrolytic residue was neutralized with ВаСОз to
pH = 7 then filtered with precipitation of deposit and,
finally, the filtrate was evaporated at 50°C.
To have settled the limits of detectability of amino
acids and saccharides a certain number of model
binders was prepared 'containing, in addition to chalk
playing the role of a filler, the protein and polysaccharide
binders as, e.g. hige glue, egg yolk, egg
white, isinglass and honey. Proportion of the binder
proper to filler in the above binders varied within
a comparatively wide range. While identifying the
protein binders were chiefly utilized the results of
experiments carried out by M. Hey who based her
methods on the fact that nor in casein neither in
egg-based binders can be found hydroxyproline being
a natural amino ao:d present exclusively in g lutin
containing glues. Also the model monochromatic
samples were prepared containing, in addition to
protein binders, quite negligible admixture of honey.
The results of 'investigations carried out have shown
that in view of its high sensitivity, the speed with
which it can be carried out and quite negligible
amount of samples required for analysis the method
basing on the thin-layer chromatography should find
its as wide as possible application in technological
tests. However, to obtain the entirely satisfactory
results the above method should necessarily be
supported by densiitometric technique whose results
are fully satisfying the needs.
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