Zmienność budowy szyszek i powierzchni łusek nasiennych modrzewia europejskiego (Larix decidua Mill.) Variability of cones and scale surface area of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.)
The article describes the shape of cones of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) using the fourth-degree polynomial
fitting function. The material was derived from the seed orchard of the Barycz Forest District. The curves were used to calculate the
area and volume of single cones. It was not possible to generalize the formulas to calculate the surface and volume of larch cones
using the described method, due to the large variability of the empirical coefficients of equations. Finally, to calculate the area and
volume of cones, the formula to determine the solid figure of cone was used. The constant αs of 0.43 was introduced to the formula.
Calculated volume values were compared to actual volumes measured by a water-filled burette. The mean surface area of larch
cones was calculated from the forming function and it was 780 mm2 and the volume was 2434 mm3.Values calculated from cone
formulas after taking into account the αs and constants (0.68 and 0.53) were 783 mm2 and 2415 mm3, respectively.
The outer and inner surfaces of the seed scales coming from the central part of the larch cones were photographed using Quanta
200 scanning microscope. Specific features of the scales were measured using the Multi Scan Base program. It was found
that the outer and inner surfaces of the larch scales, such as pine and fir, were different. On the outer side, scales are formed by
thick-walled cells with visible protruding trichomes. And on the inside at the location of the wings and seeds are visible thin-walled
cells with jagged cell walls. On the surface of the scales, the appearance of long stem cells, resembling threads, that are absent
on pine and fir seed scales was observed.
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