Zagadnienie cząstki elementarnej w fizyce i w kosmologii

In the paper one discusses historical aspect o f the ’elementary particle problem’. Understanding of it is important for development of modern physics in both local, as well as cosmological scale. At the end o f 20-th century, importance of the issue comes to be of fundamental kind because of its strict connections with civilization increase. The problem has been discussed at possible wide area of scientific properties and some important question s, which science will have to answer in nearest future.