The $Pb(Fe_{1//2}Nb_{1//2})O_3$ Ferroelectromagnetic Ceramics in a View of Possibilities to be Used for Electric Transducers

The $PbFe_{1//2}Nb_{1//2}O_3$ (PFN) ceramics can be obtained by a lot of ways. There are a lot of methods and techniques to synthesize the PFN powder such as: reactions in the solid phase by one-stage or two-stage synthesizing method (the columbite method), molten salt synthesis, sol-gel, co-precipitation method and sintering of compacts from a loose mixture of powders. Each of them requires accuracy and precision to conduct a technological process, aiming at obtaining a product with the optimum parameters. In the work PFN specimens were obtained by one-stage synthesis methods using two different powder synthesizing techniques: by calcining (sintering of a loose mixture of the PFN powder) and as a result of sintering of pressed compacts from the PFN powder mixture at high temperature (pressing). The obtained specimens were subjected to X-ray and micro-structural examinations and tests of internal friction and dielectric properties. The tests showed that the ceramics obtained by the powder calcining method has better applied properties.