Sun is the most powerful source of clean, cheap and environmentally friendly
source of energy, but still, the usage of this resource cover less than 1% of current
world energy requirements [1]. However, nature realizes efficient conversion of
solar energy to chemical energy on mass scale in different photoactivated processes
like photosynthesis, which are essential for our life on this planet. The process takes
place in green parts of plants with exceptional efficiency and precision. Natural
photosystems like that attract attention to many researchers to develop artificial
energy conversion devices. Many photoactive materials (polymers, nanostructures
and small molecules) exhibiting high solar energy conversion and catalytic activity
have been synthesized and rapidly applied in fields like pollutant removal [2] or
solar cells [3]. Although significant development of artificial devices that can mimic
natural processes have been achieved, their commercialization still remains a problem.
Construction of molecular structure that can mimic natural photosystems is
very challenging with regard to synthetic chemistry and impossibility of use the “top
– down” methods which cannot reach the molecular level. Generally, photoactive
materials have low stability and short lifetime due to their oxidative and aqueous
degradation and decomposition under high intensity of light [4]. One of the most
challenging problems during designing of artificial photosystems is directionality
of excitation energy transfer along properly ordered chromophores. What is more,
the mechanism of energy migration often cannot be described using well-known
Förster or Dexter theories [5]. This work will focus on the selected artificial photosystems
based on polymers. First, short theory of energy transport is presented,
followed by description of devices based on multilayered films, repairable polymeric
systems, nanohybrids of carbon nanotubes and photoactive polymers, light harvesting
conjugated microporous polymers and polymer brushes.
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