Dynamics of Gaseous Emissions During Composting of Sewage Sludge With Maize Straw as a Bulking Agent

In order to ensure proper composting of sewage sludge it is necessary to use bulking agents which will create favorable water and air conditions inside the pile and will be an additional source of carbon for the improvement of the C: N ratio of a composted mixture. However, the cereal straw widely used for composting of sewage sludge is very expensive and has a negative impact on the economic balance of the operations of a composting plant. Therefore, there is a need for novel, alternative materials that can be used as cheap and effective bulking agents for composting of sewage sludge. The aim of this study was to investigate the composting process of municipal sewage sludge and maize straw as a structural addition. The study was conducted in a specialized bioreactor for modeling aerobic or anaerobic decomposition process of organic materials. The bioreactor was equipped with 165-liter, thermally insulated chambers, controlled air flow and a system of gases and temperature analyzers. The studies have shown that composting of sewage sludge with the addition of maize straw leads to a very intense thermophilic phase resulting in strong emission of CO2. The usage of maize straw allowed to reduce the ammonia emissions and the amount of leachate. The obtained compost had favorable physicochemical and organoleptic properties, i.e. it showed neutral smell of the forest litter, good fragmentation and was not clammy.