A two-year field trial on maize (Zea mays L.) production was established to determine
the influence of biochar, maize straw, and poultry manure on soil aggregate stability, aggregate
size distribution, total organic carbon (TOC), and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Seven
treatments with four replications, namely CK, control; S, 12.5 Mg ha-1 straw; B
1
, 12.5 Mg ha-1
biochar; B
2
, 25 Mg ha-1 biochar; SB
1
, straw + 12.5 Mg ha-1 biochar; SB
2
, straw + 25 Mg ha-1 bio-
char; and M, 25 Mg ha-1 manure were tested at four soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40
cm). Aggregates were grouped into large macro-aggregates (5–2 mm), small macro-aggregates
(2–0.25 mm), micro-aggregates (0.25–0.053 mm) and silt + clay (<0.053 mm). Biochar, straw,
and manure applications all had significant effects (p < 0.05) on aggregate stability, with B
2
at
20 cm soil depth showing the greatest increase (62.1%). SB
1
of small macro-aggregate fraction
showed the highest aggregate proportion (50.59% ± 10.48) at the 20–30 cm soil depth. The high-
est TOC was observed in SB
2
(40.9 g kg-1) of large macro-aggregate at 10–20 cm soil depth. Treat-
ment effects on soil MBC was high, with B
1
showing the greatest value (600.0 µg g-1) at the 20–30
cm soil depth. Our results showed that application of biochar, straw, and manure to soil increased
aggregate stability, TOC as well as MBC.
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