Wheat production is required to double by 2050 in order to facilitate the global food assurance.
Along with the rise in wheat production, improvement of the nutrient value of wheat varieties
is another crucial challenge faced by wheat breeders. It is well established that more than 40%
people in the world are at a risk of malnutrition caused by the deficiency of Fe, Zn and protein
in their food. Numerous strategies are adopted by scientists, breeders and food industries to
combat the problem. In this context, biofortificaton has become a successful method for increasing,
either genetically or agronomically, the micronutrient content in crop plants. Recently,
substantial progress has been made in the use of molecular marker systems and quantitative
trait loci (QTL) to augment the wheat iron, zinc and protein content. Determining the role of
GPC-B1 gene in controlling the iron, zinc and protein content in wheat genotypes is a promising
discoveries. Although the gene is found to be associated with an elevated micronutrient content,
it is also responsible for a decrease in yield. In order to simultaneously achieve both high
nutrient content and elevated yield, major efforts are required to reveal the genetic control of
these traits. Moreover, identifying the wheat genomic resources with an elevated nutrient content
can be crucial. Employment of the next generation sequencing methods and use of molecular
markers in marker assisted selection appears to be a promising approach to attaining the
objective of breeding nutrient rich varieties. Combining advanced molecular biology and plant
breeding techniques for wheat development is a potential strategy in achieving a healthy, ‘hidden
hunger’ free world.
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