Doświadczenia Unii Europejskiej w liberalizowaniu krajowych rynków energii elektrycznej i gazu Experience of the European Union in Liberalising Domestic Electric Energy and Gas Markets
It became necessary to liberalise or introduce competition principles to the electric energy
and gas sectors due to their organisational form (monopolies) and burdens carried by their
customers. Generally speaking, the liberalisation process in most EU countries was commenced
when the directive concerning common principles governing the internal electricity market No.
96/92/EC and the directive concerning common principles of the internal gas market No.
98/30/EC were adopted.
The directives regulated, in particular, such issues as transmission, distribution and trade
in electric energy and gas, principles of organisation of sectors, a principle of access to the
market (negotiated access to the system, regulated access to the system, and the single buyer
model), rights and duties of distribution systems operators.
The directives introduced a principle of gradual opening oľ markets, however, some
member countries decided to accept considerably bigger quantities in comparison with those
specified in the directives. Implementation of provisions contained in the directives released
a downward trend in dynamics of electric energy and gas prices in most member countries. Despite it the introduction of competition rules to these sectors comes across difficulties. It
is due not only to technical barriers (lack of a sufficient number of cross-border links) but
also, for instance, to the fact that electric energy and gas are treated as goods the access to
which should be guaranteed for all those interested in it. An additional problem is also the
cost of access to a network, level and differentiation of transmission charges (post stamp
model, distance charges, zone payments) in particular countries, which leads to the pancaking
of transmission charges.
It should be noted that liberalisation brings about major changes in economic situation
of particular companies operating in the market of electric energy and gas, which involves
their restructuring and primarily reduction of employment in these sectors. The liberalisation
process is spread over years and necessitates numerous adjustments in organisational and legal
fields. Its expression is a cycle of regulators’ meetings focussed on assessing steps taken by
the member countries.
Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies
Informacja
SZANOWNI CZYTELNICY!
UPRZEJMIE INFORMUJEMY, ŻE BIBLIOTEKA FUNKCJONUJE W NASTĘPUJĄCYCH GODZINACH:
Wypożyczalnia i Czytelnia Główna: poniedziałek – piątek od 9.00 do 19.00