Transnational Law and its Historical Precedents

The concept of transnational law is by many modern scholars identified exclusively with the global law or world’s law of the 21st century. However, in legal history we find much older cases of lawmaking which occurs without the intervention of state agencies or even beyond the state. From this point of view we analyze briefly the ancient Roman ius civile, the medieval canon law, the Roman-canon utrumque ius, the old-European capitulations and the cases of legal pluralism which could be found within the Russian Empire.