Między mandatem a partycypacją społeczną

Rzecz będzie przedstawiona na przykładzie dwu podstawowych instrumentów zarządzania krajobrazem kulturowym – miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego i parku kulturowego – porównanych do form ochrony przyrody. Ustanowienie statusu parku kulturowego w roku 2003, było przez planistów długo oczekiwane z nadzieją, na choćby częściowe wyrównanie szans ochrony krajobrazu kulturowego, wobec istniejących od dawna możliwości ochrony krajobrazu przyrodniczego.

The subject is presented as two examples of legal instruments of protection of cultural landscape in Poland, which are: establishing the protection zones within the master plan and legal status: “The Cultural Park”. Both of the mentioned tools, belong to the competence of the local government. It means, that decisions are made by the local council by voting. At the end of the year 2005, only 15 % of Polish local government have prepared master plans for their territories (as it is nonobligatory). According to the Malopolska Regional Plan, 242 areas fulfilled the criteria to be nominated as “The Cultural Park”. Nevertheless, up to the end of 2007, none have been established. It means that the majority of Polish local governments are not interested in physical planning as such, and are far from protecting cultural sites within their boundaries.Therefore the degradation of cultural landscape occurs. As the cultural landscape is a domain of local government, therefore is inadequate. On the other hand, carrying for the natural landscape is the duty of national government and it is realized mainly by governmental laws and regulations, therefore it is much more effective. Till now we have 1320 natural reserves, 120 landscape parks and 23 national parks – under the national government jurisdiction. The protection of cultural landscape in Poland is still to difficult for local governments or/and for local communities, and must be supported by appropriate laws and regulations preferably at the national level.