DZIEDZICTWO TECHNIKI JAKO CZĄSTKA KULTURY Część II. W stronę dziedzictwa zrównoważonego THE HERITAgE Of TECHNOLOgY AS A PARTICLE Of CULTURE Part II. Towards Sustainable Heritage
The article is a continuation of the author’s
Dziedzictwo techniki jako cząstka kultury.
Część I. W nurcie rozwoju zrównoważonego (The
Heritage of Technology as a Particle of Culture. Part
I. Within the Sustainable Development Current,
”Ochrona Zabytków”, no. 4/2008, pp. 60-84).
Mention is made of the transformation inaugurated
in Poland at the beginning of the 1990s and resulting
in the emergence of useless post-industrial
resources, the liquidation of state agricultural enterprises
(PGR) as well as the appearance of vacant
buildings due to the restructuralisation of the
Armed Forces of the Polish Republic and the Polish
State Rail, often encompassing monuments and
sites listed in the register of historical monuments.
The prime part of the article is a presentation of
a monument-related analysis assessing historical
monuments of technology, especially the immovable
variant, based on a canon of 12 defined values comprising
a set of cultural values (social identity,
authenticity, integrity, uniqueness, historical and
artistic value) pertaining to the past of the given heritage
resource, and a collection of socioeconomic values
(social usefulness, functional sustainability, economical,
educational, aesthetic and political value)
expressing contemporary reality as well as anticipating
the requirements of future generations. Special
attention has been devoted to questions that up to
now have been appearing incidentally in the Polish
valorisation of technological culture, such as the
assorted aspects of social identity, aesthetics and
politics. Moreover, the author proposed an additional
value of special importance (e.g. the world of creative
ingenuity; an illustration of important transformations
in the development of technology, industry
and engineering; exceptional evidence of technical
artisan tradition, existing in present-day or past
socioeconomic formations; an outstanding instance
of a complex of technical objects or an industrial
landscape, illustrating a meaningful stage in local or
regional economic history; an essential component
of the cultural diversity of a location or a landscape;
a special example of the utilisation of natural
resources, typical for a given site threatened with
irreversible changes), in this way guaranteeing the
open character of the proposed methods in contrast
to a certain limited arbitrariness of specialist assessments,
based on only three values mentioned in the
Polish statute on the protection of historical monuments,
i.e. historical, artistic and scientific. The article
contains numerous interpretation examples from the
Polish resources of historical buildings and complexes.
The author introduced the concept of the stakeholders
of technological heritage and discussed their
potential interest in conservation as part of projects
for revitalisation, renovation and revalorisation.
While doing so, he indicated the crucial factors of
impact upon attitudes or views concerning heritage
resources, such as the perception of the values of cultural
property, pertinent knowledge, a willingness to
become acquainted with them or, on the contrary, a
dislike of the past and a tendency to ignore its various
issues. Mention has been made of fundamental
international documents concerning stands in relation
to the preservation of the technological heritage.
An interpretation of the values of such heritage
resources has been referred to the so-called three
pillars of sustainable development, adding a fourth
one, namely, culture. The author also suggested
a list of twenty indicators of the evaluation of a sustainable
conservation project. Upon the basis of the
strategic targets of the UNESCO World Heritage
Committee (the so-called ”5Cs” conception) the
article ends with the formulation of five postulates
for rendering the Polish system of the protection of
technological monuments more efficient.
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