The aim of this work is to compare the environmental impacts of two production processes
of tissue paper using virgin pulp (virgin fiber) or waste paper pulp (recycled fiber). This
comparison is based on the materials and energy used as well as emissions and waste resulting
from the production of tissue paper. Life cycle assessment (LCA), ReCiPe method, was
chosen as the analysis tool. The results of the research proved that electricity has the most
considerable participation in the overall environmental impacts in both production processes,
followed by either virgin pulp or heat. Consequently, these two production processes are the
greatest contributors to the following midpoint environmental impact categories: human
toxicity, climate change, human health and ecosystems, and fossil depletion. The analysis
based on endpoint impact categories proved that the production process based on waste
paper is more environmentally friendly than the one based on virgin pulp in all impact
categories: human health, ecosystems, resources. This is largely because of its lower material
and energy requirements in the entire life cycle. Due to the fact that the tissue paper is
the final use of fiber, using recycled waste paper is strongly recommended. The obtained
research results are a valuable source of management information for the decision makers
at both company and national levels required to improve the environmental performance of
tissue paper production.
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