Przemiany szaty roślinnej śródpolnych oczek wodnych w rejonie Czepina

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki, prowadzonych w latach 1995-2001, badań florystyczno-fitosocjologicznych oczek wodnych. Analizą objęto obszar 1 km², położony w okolicach Czepina w województwie zachodniopomorskim. Oceniono układ szaty roślinnej w sześciu śródpolnych oczkach wodnych. Przedstawiono wyniki badań florystycznych i fitosocjologicznych w kolejnych latach, w czterech ekochorach koncentrycznie ułożonych wokół tafli wodnej.

Small mid-field water holes in agricultural areas are under a high risk of anthropogenic changes. Six such ponds (situated in 1 km² arable land, near Czepino in zachodniopomorskie province) were studied for seven years since 1995 till 2001. The main aim of the study was to analyse floral and phytosociological differentiation in four zones of ponds: in open water, littoral, scarps and external zone. Sixty five species including one vulnerable to extinction were found in relatively small area of ponds. Existing habitats were classified to four types: rushes, scrub, nitrophilous trodden areas and arable fields. Rush communities Phalaridetum arundinaceae, Typhetum latifoliae and the community with Senecio congestus were dominating. There were also ruderal communities (Urtico-Aegopodietum podagrariae, Calystegio-Epilobietum hirsuti, community with Urtica dioica and Elymus repens), rare scrub communities (Calamagrostis canescens) and nitrophilous community in arable fields (Apera spica-venti). Unfavourable atmospheric conditions, land configuration and anthropogenic conditions caused floral and phytosociological changes. The lack of water resulted in permanent habitat transformation from an open water table to overgrowing ponds. Periodical water deficit caused also physical and floral changes in four plant zones. Some species of swampy (Phragmitetea) and aquatic (Lemnetea, Potametea) habitats retreated to the benefit of meadow (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) and ruderal (Artemisietea, Stellarietea) plant species. Evaluation of habitat moisture in the littoral zone revealed changes from permanently swamp to swampy. Evaluation of communities showed that outstanding and unique communities transformed into moderately big. So the changes in water conditions caused permanent and irreversible changes in flora leading to the impoverishment of agricultural landscape.