Biscutella laevigata L. is known as a Tl hyperaccumulator. In Poland Biscutella laevigata occurs in the Tatra Mts
(Western Carpathians) and on the calamine waste heap in Bolesław near Olkusz (Silesian Upland). The purpose
of this work was to evaluate whether plants of both populations were able to accumulate an elevated amount of
thallium in their tissues. The plants were cultivated in calamine soil in a glasshouse for a season and studied at
different ages – from 2-week-old seedlings to 10-month-old adults. Additionally, the plants were grown for ten
weeks in calamine soil with EDTA to enhance Tl bioavailability. The total content of Tl in plant tissues after digestion
was determined by ICP-MS, whereas its distribution in leaves was studied by LA-ICP-MS. Of the total content
of Tl in the soil in the range of (15.2–66.7) mg·kgˉ¹d.m., only (1.1–2.1) mg·kgˉ¹d.m. was present in a bioavailable
form. The mean content in all the plants grown on the soil without EDTA was 98.5 mg·kgˉ¹d.m. The largest content
was found in leaves – 164.9 mg·kgˉ¹d.m. (max. 588.2 mg·kgˉ¹d.m.). In the case of plants grown on the soil enriched
with EDTA, the mean content in plants increased to 108.9 mg·kgˉ¹d.m., max. in leaves – 138.4 mg·kgˉ¹d.m.
(max. 1100 mg·kgˉ¹d.m.). The translocation factor was 6.1 in the soil and 2.2 in the soil with EDTA; the bioconcentration
factor amounted to 10.9 and 5.8, respectively. The plants from both populations did not contain a Tl
amount clearly indicating hyperaccumulation (100–500 mg·kgˉ¹d.m.), however, high (>1) translocation and bioconcentration
factors suggest such an ability. It is a characteristic species-wide trait; B. laevigata L. is a facultative
Tl hyperaccumulator. The largest Tl amount was located at the leaf base, the smallest at its top. Thallium also
occurred in trichomes, which was presented for the first time; in this way plants detoxify Tl in the above-ground
parts. Leaves were much more hairy in the Bolesław plants. This is an adaptation for growth in the extreme conditions
of the zinc-lead waste heap with elevated Tl quantity.
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