Aktywność biologiczna modyfikownych nukleozydów. Część 1

Every year, hundreds of new nucleoside analogues are obtained in laboratories around the world. As early as in 1964, 3’-azidothymidine (AZT) was first synthesized, which turned out to be the main weapon in the fight against HIV viruses 20 years later. Part I of the review includes nucleosides possessing modifications in the base moiety or having other heterocyclic bases. Nucleosides modified in the sugar residue, because of a broad spectrum of examples, will be a subject of part II and III of the review. In the group of analogues modified in the base moiety the following derivatives among others are listed: 5-iodo-2’-deoxyuridine (IDU), E-5-(2- bromovinyl)-2’-deoxyuridine (BVDU), capecitabine – prodrug form of fluorouracil, 7-deazaadenosine, BCX4430 (immucillin-A) – 9-deazaadenosine derivative active against filoviruses such as Ebola virus (EBOV). In the group of nucleosides having a different heterocyclic base the following derivatives are listed: ribavirin (RBV) and its analogues – RBV triphosphate is an inhibitor of many viral enzymes involved in the replication cycle, mizoribine (MZB) – a naturally occurring nucleosidic immunosuppressor, 5-ethynyl-1-β-"-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (EICAR) which suppresses development of murine leukemia cell lines and has a broad spectrum of activity against RNA and DNA viruses. The C-nucleosides group includes e.g. oxazinomycin – a natural antibiotic with growth inhibitory properties against gram (+), gram (–) bacteria and sarcoma, and formycin A isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae, which has cytostatic and antiviral activity.