Brassica oilseed crops have very high sulfur requirements. The progressive decrease in the
sulfur content of soil, the growing share of cruciferous vegetables in agricultural ecosystems and
a significant drop in annual wet and dry deposition of sulfur have prompted a growing body of
research into sulfur as a valuable fertilizer ingredient. The aim of this study was to determine
the effect of sulfur fertilizers applied to soil on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,
magnesium and sulfur concentrations in the root residues, straw and oil cake of winter and
spring rapeseed. The experimental material was collected from a field experiment conducted in
2005-2008 at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałcyny (Poland).
The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and sulfur were noted in
the oil cake of both winter and spring rapeseed. Potassium levels were highest in the root residues
of winter and spring rapeseed. Winter rapeseed accumulated the highest amounts of calcium
in roots, and spring rapeseed – in straw.
Sulfur fertilizers applied to soil decreased nitrogen concentrations and increased calcium
and sulfur levels in the roots of both spring and winter rapeseed, whereas phosphorus concentrations
increased only in the roots of winter rapeseed. Sulfur fertilization led to a drop in the
potassium content of winter rapeseed roots (by 0.7 g kg-1 DM) and an increase in potassium levels
in spring rapeseed roots (by 1.2 g kg-1 DM). The application of sulfur fertilizers significantly
increased potassium and sulfur concentrations in the straw of both spring and winter rapeseed
(by 1.3-1.7 and 0.5-0.6 g kg-1 DM, respectively). The application of sulfur fertilizers at optimal doses for winter rapeseed significantly increased the calcium content of straw (by 1.3 g kg-1 DM),
but did not lead to differences in nitrogen levels. Sulfur fertilization significantly reduced nitrogen
(by 0.7 g kg-1 DM) and calcium (by 0.6 g kg-1 DM) concentrations of spring rapeseed straw.
The content of all the analyzed macronutrients increased significantly in spring rapeseed oil
cake in response to sulfur fertilization. Sulfur also increased the concentrations of the evaluated
macronutrients, excluding nitrogen and phosphorus, in winter rapeseed oil cake.
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